Nutrients for Teens

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Learn More about the Importance of Nutrition for Teenagers

How does aging affect bone health?

Bone density is generally relatively stable in early and middle adulthood when bone formation and resorption are more closely balanced. With advancing age, bone resorption can exceed bone formation. In women, the fall in estrogen around menopause can accelerate this process. Over time, bone structure can also become more porous and less able to withstand stress. [1,2]

If bone loss becomes substantial, osteoporosis can develop. Osteoporosis weakens bone and increases the chance of fractures, particularly at the hip, spine and wrist. It is often called a “silent” condition because many people do not know they have low bone strength until a fracture occurs. [1,5,7]

What increases the risk of bone loss with age?

  • Low calcium or vitamin D intake, which can make it harder to maintain bone health. [1,5,7]
  • Physical inactivity or prolonged periods of immobility. [1,5,7]
  • Smoking and heavy alcohol use. [1,5,7]
  • Hormonal changes, particularly after menopause. [1,2]
  • Certain medicines or medical conditions that affect bone metabolism. [5,7]
  • A personal or family history of osteoporosis or fractures. [5,7]

How does aging affect joint health?

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis and becomes more common with age. However, it is more accurate to think of OA as a whole-joint disease rather than simply “wear and tear.” Changes can involve cartilage, bone, the joint lining, tendons, ligaments and surrounding muscles. [3,4,8]

Common symptoms include pain with movement, short-lasting stiffness after rest, swelling and reduced range of motion. The knees, hips, hands and spine are commonly affected. [3,8]

What can raise the risk of osteoarthritis?

  • Older age, although OA is not an unavoidable part of aging. [8]
  • Previous joint injury or surgery. [3,4,8]
  • Repetitive stress on a joint over time. [3,4,8]
  • Overweight or obesity, especially for weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. [3,4,8]
  • Family history or inherited joint characteristics. [3,8]